Below are definitions of minimal, moderate, and deep sedation and general anesthesia as they exist along a continuum.
What is minimal sedation (anxiolysis)?
A medication-induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands, but cognitive function and coordination may be impaired. Ventilatory and cardiovascular functions are maintained. (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2018).
What moderate sedation (conscious sedation)?
A medication-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands and/or light tactile stimulation. Ventilatory and cardiovascular functions are generally maintained. (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2018).
What is deep sedation?
A medication-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully to painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired, though cardiovascular function is generally maintained. (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2018).
What is general anesthesia?
A medication-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable to noise or painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory and cardiovascular function is often impaired, and patients often need assistance to maintain a patent airway. (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2018).
References
American Society of Anesthesiologists. (2018). Practice guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia 2018: A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology, 128(3), 437-479. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002043